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A ''logic model'' (also known as a logical framework, theory of change, or program matrix) is a tool used by funders, managers, and evaluators of programs to evaluate the effectiveness of a program. Logic models are usually a graphical depiction of the logical relationships between the resources, activities, outputs and outcomes of a program. While there are many ways in which logic models can be presented, the underlying purpose of constructing a logic model is to assess the "if-then" (causal) relationships between the elements of the program; if the resources are available for a program, then the activities can be implemented, if the activities are implemented successfully then certain outputs and outcomes can be expected. Logic models are most often used in the evaluation stage of a program, they can however be used during planning and implementation.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Logic model workbook )〕 == Versions == In its simplest form, a logic model has four components:〔W. K. Kellogg Foundation (2001). (W. K. Kellogg Foundation Logic Model Development Guide. )〕 Following the early development of the logic model in the 1970s by Carol Weiss, Joseph Wholey and others, many refinements and variations have been added to the basic concept. Many versions of logic models set out a series of outcomes/impacts, explaining in more detail the logic of how an intervention contributes to intended or observed results.〔Weiss, C.H. (1972). Evaluation Research. Methods for Assessing Program Effectiveness. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey〕 This will often include distinguishing between short-term, medium-term and long-term results, and between direct and indirect results. Some logic models also include assumptions, which are beliefs the prospective grantees have about the program, the people involved, and the context and the way the prospective grantees think the program will work, and external factors, consisting of the environment in which the program exists, including a variety of external factors that interact with and influence the program action. University Cooperative Extension Programs in the US have developed a more elaborate logic model, called the Program Action Logic Model, which includes six steps: * Inputs (what we invest) * Outputs: * * Activities (the actual tasks we do) * * Participation (who we serve; customers & stakeholders) * * Engagement (how those we serve engage with the activities) * Outcomes/Impacts: * * Short Term (learning: awareness, knowledge, skills, motivations) * * Medium Term (action: behavior, practice, decisions, policies) * * Long Term (consequences: social, economic, environmental etc.) In front of Inputs, there is a description of a Situation and Priorities. These are the considerations that determine what Inputs will be needed. The University of Wisconsin Extension offers a series of guidance documents〔(guidance documents )〕 on the use of logic models. There is also an extensive bibliography〔(bibliography )〕 of work on this program logic model. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Logic model」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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